Presses de Sciences Po onixsuitesupport@onixsuite.com 20260404 fre

COM.ONIXSUITE.9782724633870 03 01 Presses de Sciences Po 02 2724633873 03 9782724633870 15 9782724633870 BC 02 02941759 01 GCOI 27246100221760 1 A01 03 1 01 fre 252 00 252 03 HIS000000 H 29 2012 3377 HISTOIRE 20 Armée;Egypte - Liban - Syrie;Irak;Israël;Moyen-Orient;Turquie 24 Internet Hierarchy Domaine histoire 24 Internet Hierarchy Histoire 29 juillet 2013 3080 SCIENCES HUMAINES ET SOCIALES, LETTRES 93 NH 01 01 01 <p>Militaires et pouvoirs au Moyen-Orient<br /> Matthieu Rey</p> <p>Alors que depuis décembre 2010, mouvements de contestation, soulèvements, révolutions bouleversent le Moyen-Orient, ce dossier de Vingtième Siècle revient sur la place et la fonction qu'ont occupées les armées dans plusieurs pays (Égypte, Irak, Israël, Liban, Turquie, Syrie), sur leur rapport à d'autres formes de pouvoir, notamment politique. Au moment de la constitution de ces armées, les militaires se voient reconnaître deux missions, celle d’intégrer les différentes composantes de la nation et celle de la défendre. Ils assument cependant bientôt un rôle plus important, hérité de l’époque ottomane: ils deviennent des arbitres des forces sociales et politiques, voire, dans certains cas, ils renversent les régimes, au nom d’un idéal révolutionnaire.</p> 03 <p>Militaires et pouvoirs au Moyen-Orient<br /> Matthieu Rey</p> <p>Alors que depuis décembre 2010, mouvements de contestation, soulèvements, révolutions bouleversent le Moyen-Orient, ce dossier de Vingtième Siècle revient sur la place et la fonction qu'ont occupées les armées dans plusieurs pays (Égypte, Irak, Israël, Liban, Turquie, Syrie), sur leur rapport à d'autres formes de pouvoir, notamment politique. Au moment de la constitution de ces armées, les militaires se voient reconnaître deux missions, celle d’intégrer les différentes composantes de la nation et celle de la défendre. Ils assument cependant bientôt un rôle plus important, hérité de l’époque ottomane: ils deviennent des arbitres des forces sociales et politiques, voire, dans certains cas, ils renversent les régimes, au nom d’un idéal révolutionnaire.</p> 02 Alors que depuis décembre 2010, mouvements de contestation, soulèvements, révolutions bouleversent le Moyen-Orient, ce dossier de Vingtième Siècle revient sur la place et la fonction qu'ont occupées les armées dans plusieurs pays (Égypte, Irak, Israël, Liban, Turquie, Syrie) et sur leur rapport à d'autres formes de pouvoir, notamment politique. 01 <p><strong style="font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.3em;">The Lebanese Army, 1945 to 1975: From National Jewel to Crumbling Institution</strong></p> <p>Stéphane Malsagne<br /> A major player in Lebanon's post-colonial history, between 1945 and 1975 the Lebanese army experienced its foundational period as well as its first challenges in a troubled regional environment shaped by the Arab-Israeli wars. Created with the aim of embodying the unity and ideal of a hitherto unprecedented nation-state, the role of the Lebanese army was increasingly challenged at the end of the 1960s, however. The spread of divisions within the military hierarchy, criticism of the methods used by the army and the institution's inability to win unanimous support vis-à-vis its major internal and external crises are a number of the factors that weakened Lebanon, the country ultimately descending into "civil" war in 1975.</p> <p>Key words: Lebanon, Israel, Army, military, war.</p> <p><strong>The Army in Iraq from 1932 to 1968: Between Arbitration and Control of Political Power</strong><br /> Matthieu Rey<br /> This article presents a different chronological framework than the one traditionally put forth to understand the birth of the Iraqi army and the key role it played in building the Iraqi State. Between the country's formal independence in 1932 and the Baath party’s rise to power in 1968, the nation-building process and the rise of the army as a political tool were largely synonymous phenomena. This article retraces the evolving power dynamics and regime changes from a military perspective. Initially non-existent, the army then began to arbitrate between various factions, before ultimately gaining power itself. However, this stranglehold on power prompted its own collapse as a military tool and several groups of rival militias took its place.</p> <p>Key words: Iraq, Army, modern state, nation-building, coup d’État.</p> <p><strong>The Birth of Military Regimes in the Middle East: Reinterpreting the "Age of Revolutions"</strong><br /> Henry Laurens<br /> In an interview, Henry Laurens revisits the concept of "the Age of Revolutions" in the Middle East, which refers to a period stretching from the 1940s until the 1970s. He likewise emphasises the historiographical misunderstandings that occurred with regard to this topic. The military, viewed as the promoter of modernity, was supposed to ensure reforms that would prevent these States from tipping over into Communism. In fact, however, the governmental systems implemented often resembled police states (mukbabarat) in which intelligence services played a key role. If these governments can be seen as revolutionary, it is only in so far as they aimed to effect social transformation.</p> <p>Key words: Middle East, revolution, Army, military, modernisation.</p> <p><strong>Nasser, Amer and Their Army</strong><br /> Tewficq Aclimandos<br /> In 1952, Gamal Abd al-Nasser seized power with the support of the Free Officers Movement. This coup took place whilst the Egyptian army was being established. The new regime, both authoritarian and military, had to control the officers from which it had emerged, but also had to provide the country with an effective military tool. These two endeavours intricately linked the state and the army together, thus defining the specific features of Nasser’s regime. Very early on, this regime took the form of a polyarchy, wherein two main powers became increasingly powerful. It was only after the 1967 war that this aspect was transformed. This article examines in detail how the regime and the country’s defence system was created.</p> <p>Key words: Gamal Abd al-Nasser, Abdel Hakim Amer, Egypt, Army, State.</p> <p><strong>Foreign Policy and the Military in Syria (1946-1970): From Independence to Dictatorship</strong><br /> David W. Lesch<br /> Perhaps more than in any other country in the Middle East, Syria’s domestic and foreign policies are strongly interconnected. This unique trait can explain the army’s rise to power as well as the Baath party’s triumph over other political factions. This article sheds light on how a group of officers identified themselves with the Baath party, in turn using it to take possession of the State.</p> <p>Key words: Syria, Cold War, Baath party, Army, coup d’État.</p> <p><strong>Politics and the Army in Turkey (1908-1980)</strong><br /> Hamit Bozarslan<br /> Spanning the period from the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 to the 1980 coup d’État, this article puts forth the hypothesis that although the army had important means of coercion and action at its disposal, thus granting it a supra-social status, it often lacked internal cohesion. Its interventions, both direct and indirect, were reactions to crises, which they often exacerbated but did not always control. Although there is no doubt that the army possessed an “esprit de corps”, a common nationalist and Kemalist ideology, as well as a minimum of organic unity, it nevertheless did not manage to derive its legitimacy from an exclusive supra-social position. Consequently, it had to interact with State and civil society actors. Its technology of power was designed according to the interests and expectations of the officers who wielded it, the constraints and opportunities they faced, as well as the subjective perceptions that they had regarding various political problems.</p> <p>Key words: Turkey, Army, revolution, Young Turks, Kemalism.</p> <p><strong>Politicians and Generals in Israel during the 20th and 21st Centuries</strong><br /> Samy Cohen<br /> Although for the first two decades following the establishment of the State of Israel, consensus reigned regarding Tzahal, or the Israeli Defence Forces, today this institution is no longer exempt from public criticism. Its image as the “army of the nation”, a melting pot for generations of immigrants, still flourishes. But this image now only reflects part of the reality and a number of transformations have been accompanied by questions and doubts: What is the weight of the role played by religious soldiers? Are the generals becoming a threat for Israeli democracy? Is it the State which “possesses an army”, or the army which “possesses a State”?</p> <p>Key words: Israel, Tzahal, State, Army, war.<br /> *</p> 03 <p><strong style="font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 1.3em;">The Lebanese Army, 1945 to 1975: From National Jewel to Crumbling Institution</strong></p> <p>Stéphane Malsagne<br /> A major player in Lebanon's post-colonial history, between 1945 and 1975 the Lebanese army experienced its foundational period as well as its first challenges in a troubled regional environment shaped by the Arab-Israeli wars. Created with the aim of embodying the unity and ideal of a hitherto unprecedented nation-state, the role of the Lebanese army was increasingly challenged at the end of the 1960s, however. The spread of divisions within the military hierarchy, criticism of the methods used by the army and the institution's inability to win unanimous support vis-à-vis its major internal and external crises are a number of the factors that weakened Lebanon, the country ultimately descending into "civil" war in 1975.</p> <p>Key words: Lebanon, Israel, Army, military, war.</p> <p><strong>The Army in Iraq from 1932 to 1968: Between Arbitration and Control of Political Power</strong><br /> Matthieu Rey<br /> This article presents a different chronological framework than the one traditionally put forth to understand the birth of the Iraqi army and the key role it played in building the Iraqi State. Between the country's formal independence in 1932 and the Baath party’s rise to power in 1968, the nation-building process and the rise of the army as a political tool were largely synonymous phenomena. This article retraces the evolving power dynamics and regime changes from a military perspective. Initially non-existent, the army then began to arbitrate between various factions, before ultimately gaining power itself. However, this stranglehold on power prompted its own collapse as a military tool and several groups of rival militias took its place.</p> <p>Key words: Iraq, Army, modern state, nation-building, coup d’État.</p> <p><strong>The Birth of Military Regimes in the Middle East: Reinterpreting the "Age of Revolutions"</strong><br /> Henry Laurens<br /> In an interview, Henry Laurens revisits the concept of "the Age of Revolutions" in the Middle East, which refers to a period stretching from the 1940s until the 1970s. He likewise emphasises the historiographical misunderstandings that occurred with regard to this topic. The military, viewed as the promoter of modernity, was supposed to ensure reforms that would prevent these States from tipping over into Communism. In fact, however, the governmental systems implemented often resembled police states (mukbabarat) in which intelligence services played a key role. If these governments can be seen as revolutionary, it is only in so far as they aimed to effect social transformation.</p> <p>Key words: Middle East, revolution, Army, military, modernisation.</p> <p><strong>Nasser, Amer and Their Army</strong><br /> Tewficq Aclimandos<br /> In 1952, Gamal Abd al-Nasser seized power with the support of the Free Officers Movement. This coup took place whilst the Egyptian army was being established. The new regime, both authoritarian and military, had to control the officers from which it had emerged, but also had to provide the country with an effective military tool. These two endeavours intricately linked the state and the army together, thus defining the specific features of Nasser’s regime. Very early on, this regime took the form of a polyarchy, wherein two main powers became increasingly powerful. It was only after the 1967 war that this aspect was transformed. This article examines in detail how the regime and the country’s defence system was created.</p> <p>Key words: Gamal Abd al-Nasser, Abdel Hakim Amer, Egypt, Army, State.</p> <p><strong>Foreign Policy and the Military in Syria (1946-1970): From Independence to Dictatorship</strong><br /> David W. Lesch<br /> Perhaps more than in any other country in the Middle East, Syria’s domestic and foreign policies are strongly interconnected. This unique trait can explain the army’s rise to power as well as the Baath party’s triumph over other political factions. This article sheds light on how a group of officers identified themselves with the Baath party, in turn using it to take possession of the State.</p> <p>Key words: Syria, Cold War, Baath party, Army, coup d’État.</p> <p><strong>Politics and the Army in Turkey (1908-1980)</strong><br /> Hamit Bozarslan<br /> Spanning the period from the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 to the 1980 coup d’État, this article puts forth the hypothesis that although the army had important means of coercion and action at its disposal, thus granting it a supra-social status, it often lacked internal cohesion. Its interventions, both direct and indirect, were reactions to crises, which they often exacerbated but did not always control. Although there is no doubt that the army possessed an “esprit de corps”, a common nationalist and Kemalist ideology, as well as a minimum of organic unity, it nevertheless did not manage to derive its legitimacy from an exclusive supra-social position. Consequently, it had to interact with State and civil society actors. Its technology of power was designed according to the interests and expectations of the officers who wielded it, the constraints and opportunities they faced, as well as the subjective perceptions that they had regarding various political problems.</p> <p>Key words: Turkey, Army, revolution, Young Turks, Kemalism.</p> <p><strong>Politicians and Generals in Israel during the 20th and 21st Centuries</strong><br /> Samy Cohen<br /> Although for the first two decades following the establishment of the State of Israel, consensus reigned regarding Tzahal, or the Israeli Defence Forces, today this institution is no longer exempt from public criticism. Its image as the “army of the nation”, a melting pot for generations of immigrants, still flourishes. But this image now only reflects part of the reality and a number of transformations have been accompanied by questions and doubts: What is the weight of the role played by religious soldiers? Are the generals becoming a threat for Israeli democracy? Is it the State which “possesses an army”, or the army which “possesses a State”?</p> <p>Key words: Israel, Tzahal, State, Army, war.<br /> *</p> 02 Table of contents: The Lebanese Army, 1945 to 1975 - The Army in Iraq from 1932 to 1968 - The Birth of Military Regimes in the Middle East - Nasser, Amer and Their Army - Foreign Policy and the Military in Syria (1946-1970) - Politics and the Army in Turkey (1908-1980) - Politicians and Generals in Israel during the 20th and 21st Centuries. 04 <p>MILITAIRES ET POUVOIRS AU MOYEN-ORIENT</p> <p>Présentation<br /> Matthieu Rey</p> <p>Glossaire<br /> Chronologie<br /> Cartes</p> <p><strong>Construire l'État, construire la nation</strong></p> <p>L'armée libanaise de 1945 à 1975 : du socle national à l’effritement<br /> Stéphane Malsagne</p> <p>L’armée en Irak de 1932 à 1968 : entre arbitrage et contrôle du pouvoir<br /> Matthieu Rey</p> <p><strong>Régimes militaires, régimes politiques</strong></p> <p>L’avènement des régimes militaires au Moyen-Orient : une relecture du « temps des révolutions »<br /> Henry Laurens<br /> Nasser, Amer et leur armée<br /> Tewficq Aclimandos</p> <p>Militaires et politique étrangère en Syrie (1946 1970) : de l’indépendance à la dictature<br /> David W. Lesch</p> <p>Des trajectoires parallèles à l’Orient arabe<br /> Armée et politique en Turquie (1908-1980)<br /> Hamit Bozarslan</p> <p>Politiques et généraux en Israël aux 20e et 21e siècles<br /> Samy Cohen</p> <p>------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> Les mutations de <em>Vingtième Siècle. Revue d’histoire</em> : internationalisation et numérisation<br /> Nicolas Roussellier</p> <p>L’histoire internationale en Allemagne depuis 1990 : origines, renouvellements, perspectives<br /> Emmanuel Droit</p> <p>Une dimension méconnue du Mai 68 français : la fuite des capitaux<br /> Janick Marina Schaufelbuehl</p> <p>La politique d’éducation prioritaire : un projet conduit hors du champ politique (1981-2001)<br /> Lydie Heurdier</p> <p><strong>Rubriques</strong></p> <p>Archives<br /> Les archives du PCF<br /> Pierre Boichu et Gilles Morin<br /> Brèves<br /> Avis de recherches<br /> Vers une histoire transnationale des épurations<br /> Fabien Lostec<br /> Médiatisation(s) de l’écologie<br /> Thibault Le Hégarat<br /> Muséographie des violences<br /> Sarah Gruszka et Marina Antipov<br /> Images, lettres et sons<br /> Art déco, résonances de l’ancien et du nouveau<br /> Jean-Pierre Daviet<br /> Le Vent se lève, de Hayao Miyazaki<br /> Sophie Louey<br /> Concevoir le site-mémorial des Milles<br /> Hélène Bourguignon<br /> Homosexualités de l’entre-deux-guerres<br /> Florence Tamagne<br /> L’histoire sociale mondiale par les polars<br /> Chloé Maurel</p> <p>Vingtième Siècle signale<br /> Librairie<br /> Grande Guerre – De Gaulle entre deux guerres – Juifs d’Europe – Le Japon dans la Seconde Guerre mondiale – Après la chute de l’URSS – Histoire politique de l’Europe – Histoire politique et sociale de la France – Idéologies – Catholicisme – Histoire économique et sociale – Construction nationale et domination coloniale 207</p> 44 <p style="text-align: justify;"><em><strong>20&21. Revue d'histoire</strong> </em>couvre les principaux champs de la recherche historique: politique, culturel, social et économique, offrant ainsi une approche historique complète et rigoureuse. Revue scientifique, elle permet à des auteurs reconnus mais aussi à de jeunes chercheurs de diffuser les acquis de la recherche en histoire contemporaine.</p> 44 <p><strong><em>20&21. Revue d'histoire</em></strong><strong> </strong>is devoted to French, European and world history of the 20th century. It publishes original articles in all field of historical research: political, ideological, cultural, social, economical. Its goal is to help better understand our time by linking results of these historical studies to today's questions.</p> <p></p> 06 03 01 https://www.pressesdesciencespo.fr/resources/titles/27246100221760/images/671f0311e2754fcdd37f70a8550379bc/HIGHQ/9782724633870.jpg 20150812 07 03 01 https://www.pressesdesciencespo.fr/resources/titles/27246100221760/images/671f0311e2754fcdd37f70a8550379bc/THUMBNAIL/9782724633870.jpg 20150812 02 https://www.pressesdesciencespo.fr/fr/livre/?GCOI=27246100221760 03 Cairn.info https://www.cairn.info/revue-vingt-et-vingt-et-un-revue-d-histoire.htm 03 Persée.fr https://www.persee.fr/collection/xxs 03 JStor https://www.jstor.org/journal/vingsiecrevuhist 06 3052724600018 Presses de Sciences Po 01 06 3052724600018 Presses de Sciences Po 04 20141020 2014 01 WORLD 01 9.45 in 02 6.69 in 03 1.50 in 08 15.52 oz 01 24 cm 02 17 cm 03 1.50 cm 08 440 gr 06 3012902940000 Harmonia Mundi Livre + 33 4 90 49 58 05 + 33 4 90 49 58 35 adv-livre@hmlivre.com 33 http://www.harmoniamundilivre.com http://www.harmoniamundilivre.com 29 http://www.sodis.fr/ 06 FR 01 1 20 04 02 02 STRD 02 23.00 EUR R 2.10 22.53 0.47