The referendum is a political tool that provokes deep distrust among elites. Yet if it is well designed, a referendum can accompany certain major political decisions, help to create a relationship of trust between citizens and institutions, and may also play a central role in the experimental forms of particularity at the local levels. Read More
Often criticized, particularly in France, the referendum is a political tool that provokes deep distrust among elites. It is accused of being the negation of democracy masquerading as the real thing. It is said that although it claims to resolve crises through popular legitimacy, most often it actually aggravates those crises. As the incarnation of majority rule, it is also seen as suffering more than representative democracy from a minority bias.
Indeed, although it is simple – even simplistic (asking for a yes or no answer) – a referendum is a complex institution that is heavily conditioned by the modalities of its organization (wording of the question, campaign rules, existence or not of participation quotas, qualified majorities, jurisdictional oversight etc.). There no one referendum but rather a myriad of types of referenda, all liable to lead to very different, or even diametrically opposed, results.
Yet if it is well designed, a referendum can accompany certain major political decisions and help to create a relationship of trust between citizens and institutions. It may also play a central role in the experimental forms of participative democracy underway at the national and particularly at the local levels.
Savoirs sur l'eau : techniques, pouvoirs
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