Presses de Sciences Po
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Critique internationale
Revue comparative de sciences sociales
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Critique internationale 72, juillet-septembre 2016
Enfermement et catégorisations
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Confinement and Categorizations
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Onixsuite Contributor ID
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Tristan Bruslé
Bruslé, Tristan
Tristan
Bruslé
<p><strong>Tristan Bruslé </strong>est chargé de recherche au CNRS en poste au Centre de sciences humaines de New Delhi.</p>
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Onixsuite Contributor ID
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Bénédicte Michalon
Michalon, Bénédicte
Bénédicte
Michalon
<p><strong>Bénédicte Michalon</strong> est chargée de recherche CNRS au laboratoire Passages - Université Bordeaux Montaigne.</p>
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Relations internationales
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<p>Au nom du maintien de la paix et d'une organisation efficace de la vie entre les murs au quotidien, l'enfermement s'accompagne de processus de classement des individus par le genre, l'ethnicité et la religion. Il convient donc d’examiner ce que l’enfermement fait à ces processus de catégorisation et, réciproquement, comment les logiques de classification sont transformées, mises à mal ou au contraire renforcées en situations de réclusion, situations dans lesquelles la possibilité d’identifier, de classer et de nommer apparaît comme un véritable outil de gestion des relations sociales et rencontre finalement peu de résistances. Envisagées dans leurs ressorts concrets, les catégorisations sont ici analysées comme des procédures disciplinaires et normatives, contribuant aux rapports de pouvoir en établissement pénitentiaire comme dans les lieux d’enfermement des étrangers.</p>
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Le « thema » de ce numéro est consacré aux processus de classement des personnes à l'oeuvre dans les institutions de réclusion dans un contexte d'interaction croissante entre politique carcérale et politique migratoire et ce au nom du maintien de la paix et d'une organisation efficace de la vie entre les murs au quotidien.
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<p><strong>Ethnicity, religion and gender in the institutions of confinement: process and effects of categorization</strong></p>
<p>Bénédicte Michalon et Tristan Bruslé</p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>Distribution and Circulation: Categorizing Detainees in the Choucha Camp (Tunisia)</strong></p>
<p>Aurore Mottet</p>
<p>How is the material dimension of the confinement of foreigners linked with the purpose of sites of confinement – that is, managing the movement of migrants via admission or expulsion? The present article examines the distribution of migrants within Tunisia's Choucha transit camp, which, until its closure in June 2013, received Sub-Saharan migrants fleeing fighting in Libya. In order to organize the confinement of a large number of people, the authorities distributed the migrants by reference to categories of national or ethnic group membership. While separating individuals according to nationality allowed the camp's administration to guarantee peace there, it also anticipated the detainees’ future administrative status (refugee, rejected asylum seeker, etc.). Used for the purpose of administering the confinement routine, these national categories reveal the manner in which the camp administration anticipated the prospects open to (or imposed upon) individuals. As the case of the "Choucha refugees" shows, some migrants thus attempted to challenge the categories according to which they had been classified.</p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>The Frontiers of Detention: Gender and Ethnicity in the Supervision of Foreigners Awaiting Expulsion</strong></p>
<p>Louise Tassin</p>
<p>Based on immersive research in a French detention center, this article examines the manner in which categories of alterity are used and produced in the confinement of foreigners awaiting expulsion. Gender and ethnic frontiers play a key role in the organization of work, inter-professional relations and the manner in which detained foreigners are treated. Indeed, the general operation of the detention center observes a gendered and ethnicized division of labor that, via appeal to a set of naturalized characteristics, determines the tasks assigned the private agents who supply the Center’s staff. Lacking job security, the latter are themselves immigrants and are partly treated in the same manner as the detainees. Moreover, the internal hierarchies of the police, which include a number of women and minority police officers, are predicated on stigmatizing representations of the imprisoned foreigners, representations reinforced by the agents’ working conditions. While detention is promoted as an administrative confinement mechanism, its everyday mode of operation produces and reproduces the conflation of detained persons with delinquents.</p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>The "Radical": A New, Ill-Defined Figure of Prison Danger</strong></p>
<p>Claire de Galembert</p>
<p>The moral panic provoked by the attraction that Islamist violence holds for young people has gone hand in hand with the emergence of a new figure of danger: that of young people who become radicalized in prison. To understand the inner workings and processes that have rendered the “radical” – whether avowed or potential – a new category of penal discourse, one must examine the systems of labelling and detection involved in the construction of what is referred to as deviant. Studying the circumstances, context and actors involved in the implementation of a policy for detecting those originally designated as “converts” reveals that the heterogeneous resistances and appropriations of this tool have not prevented the category from establishing itself. The terminological change that has taken place since 2008 via the attempt to substitute the term “radical” or “undergoing radicalization” for that of “convert” is symptomatic of the Europeanization of anti-radicalization policy, which is centered more on objective of prevention. It remains the case that the lack of a shared understanding of what is a radical – a vague and polysemous term – encourages confusion and stigmatizing conflation, exposing all Muslims to suspicion even when it seeks to neutralize this stigma.</p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>Perception and Experience of Religious Plurality in Swiss and Italian Prisons: An Ethnographic Approach</strong></p>
<p>Irene Becci, Mohammed Khalid Rhazzali et Valentina Schiavinato</p>
<p>For over twenty years, social and cultural globalization have fed the emergence of unprecedented religious plurality in Swiss and Italian prisons. For penal institutions that guarantee freedom of worship and conscience, this “super-diversity” leads to new arrangements and an effort to formally oversee religion (chaplaincies, meals, religious celebrations). The inmates, for their part, draw upon their religious experience in various ways, sometimes as a means for resisting the institution, sometimes in the form of “private” practice or official demands. An ethnographic and epistemological approach sensitive to the situation and enriched by several years of research conducted since 2005 allows one to consider the religious categories used by penal institutions while exploring the manner in which the prisoners’ agency is reflected in their appropriation of religion.</p>
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The "thema" of this issue is devoted to tue process ofpeople ranking within the prison institutions in a context of increasing interaction between prison policy and migration policy in the name of peacekeeping and effective organization of life within the walls every day.
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<p><strong>Thema</strong></p>
<p><strong>Enfermement et catégorisations</strong></p>
<p>Sous la responsabilité de Tristan Bruslé et Bénédicte Michalon</p>
<p> </p>
<p>L'ethnicité, la religion et le genre dans les institutions d'enfermement : processus et effets de catégorisation</p>
<p>par Bénédicte Michalon et Tristan Bruslé</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Répartition et circulation : les enjeux de la catégorisation dans le camp de Choucha (Tunisie)</p>
<p>par Aurore Mottet</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Les frontières de la rétention : genre et ethnicité dans le contrôle des étrangers en instance d'expulsion</p>
<p>par Louise Tassin</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Le « radical », une nouvelle figure de dangerosité carcérale aux contours flous</p>
<p>par Claire de Galembert</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Appréhension et expérience de la pluralité religieuse dans les prisons en Suisse et en Italie : une approche par l’ethnographie</p>
<p>par Irene Becci, Mohammed Khalid Rhazzali et Valentina Schiavinato</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Varia</strong></p>
<p>Victimes cherchent statut désespérément : le cas des « bébés volés » en Espagne</p>
<p>par Gabriel Gatti et Sandrine Revet</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Des « restes » résistants en milieu soninké : esclavage, sens de l’honneur et mécanismes d’émancipation</p>
<p>par Sidi N’Diaye</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Faire la guerre : les politiques publiques, l’État et les conflits armés</p>
<p>par Jean Joana</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Lectures</strong></p>
<p><em>Échanger les peuples : le déplacement des minorités aux confins polono-soviétiques</em> de Catherine Gousseff</p>
<p>(Morgane Labbé)</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Depoliticizing Migration: Global Governance and International Migration Narratives</em> de Antoine Pécoud</p>
<p>(Hélène Thiollet)</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Réinventer le monde. L’espace et le temps en Tchécoslovaquie communiste</em> de Roman Krakovský</p>
<p>(Paul Gradvohl)</p>
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Adossée au Centre de recherches internationales (CERI, Sciences Po/CNRS), <em>Critique internationale. Revue comparative de sciences sociales</em> publie des articles portant sur des terrains autres que la France, que les auteurs interrogent à l'aune de problématiques de sciences sociales, de questionnements disciplinaires ou sous-disciplinaires</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Chaque numéro s’ouvre sur un dossier thématique, présente des articles de recherche approfondis, met en perspective des développements récents de l'actualité internationale, et propose systématiquement des comptes rendus d'ouvrages.</p>
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<p><em><strong>Critique Internationale</strong></em>, created by the CERI in 1998, publishes is a comparative social sciences journal that aims to contribute to the political analysis of countries other than France through an interdisciplinary approach.</p>
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